This explanation is not intended to be exhaustive (for much more, see chapter 6 in CMOS), but I do hope that it helps to frame the different potential of each length of dash. In interrupted speech, one or two em dashes may be used: “I wasn’t trying to imply-” “Then just what were you trying to do?” Also, the em dash may serve as a sort of bullet point, as in this to-do list: If you are looking for an easy way to type this em dash in Word, you’ve come to the right place. For example, in a bibliographic list, rather than repeating the same author over and over again, three consecutive em dashes (also known as a 3-em dash) stand in for the author’s name. It is a dash longer than an en dash () and three times as long as a hyphen (-). Its use or misuse for this purpose is a matter of taste, and subject to the effect on the writer’s or reader’s “ear.” Em dashes also substitute for something missing. It allows, in a manner similar to parentheses, an additional thought to be added within a sentence by sort of breaking away from that sentence-as I’ve done here. Now, that is a rather fussy use of the en dash that many people ignore, preferring the hyphen. In that example, “pre” is connected to the open compound “World War II” and therefore has to do a little extra work (to bridge the space between the two words it modifies-space that cannot be besmirched by hyphens because “World War II” is a proper noun). En dashes are also used to connect a prefix to a proper open compound: for example, pre–World War II. And in fact en dashes specify any kind of range, which is why they properly appear in indexes when a range of pages is cited (e.g., 147–48). The en dash connects things that are related to each other by distance, as in the May–September issue of a magazine it’s not a May-September issue, because June, July, and August are also ostensibly included in this range. The hyphen connects two things that are intimately related, usually words that function together as a single concept or work together as a joint modifier (e.g., tie-in, toll-free call, two-thirds). I frame it this way because the work they do is roughly related to their length (though I don’t think CMOS puts it this way outright). First of all, there are three lengths of what are all more or less dashes: hyphen (-), en dash (–), and em dash (-). I will try to condense the various bits of information scattered throughout CMOS. What is the difference in usage between an em dash and an en dash?Ī.
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For example, in the card sorting example to the right, the cards are being sorted by their rank, and their suit is being ignored. Stable sort algorithms sort equal elements in the same order that they appear in the input. When they are sorted with a non-stable sort, the 5s may end up in the opposite order in the sorted output. When the cards are sorted by rank with a stable sort, the two 5s must remain in the same order in the sorted output that they were originally in. Stability An example of stable sort on playing cards. Online: An algorithm such as Insertion Sort that is online can sort a constant stream of input.Algorithms that take this into account are known to be adaptive. Adaptability: Whether or not the presortedness of the input affects the running time.The remainder of this discussion almost exclusively concentrates upon serial algorithms and assumes serial operation. Whether the algorithm is serial or parallel.Selection sorts include cycle sort and heapsort. Exchange sorts include bubble sort and quicksort. General method: insertion, exchange, selection, merging, etc.A comparison sort examines the data only by comparing two elements with a comparison operator. Whether or not they are a comparison sort.Stability: stable sorting algorithms maintain the relative order of records with equal keys (i.e., values).Recursion: Some algorithms are either recursive or non-recursive, while others may be both (e.g., merge sort). Strictly, an in-place sort needs only O(1) memory beyond the items being sorted sometimes O(log n) additional memory is considered "in-place". In particular, some sorting algorithms are " in-place". Memory usage (and use of other computer resources).Ideal behavior for a serial sort is O( n), but this is not possible in the average case. For typical serial sorting algorithms, good behavior is O( n log n), with parallel sort in O(log 2 n), and bad behavior is O( n 2). Best, worst and average case behavior in terms of the size of the list.Similarly optimal (by various definitions) sorting on a parallel machine is an open research topic. taking into account machine specific details) is still an open research problem, with solutions only known for very small arrays (<20 elements). Sorting small arrays optimally (in fewest comparisons and swaps) or fast (i.e. Sorting algorithms are prevalent in introductory computer science classes, where the abundance of algorithms for the problem provides a gentle introduction to a variety of core algorithm concepts, such as big O notation, divide-and-conquer algorithms, data structures such as heaps and binary trees, randomized algorithms, best, worst and average case analysis, time–space tradeoffs, and upper and lower bounds. Algorithms not based on comparisons, such as counting sort, can have better performance. Asymptotically optimal algorithms have been known since the mid-20th century – new algorithms are still being invented, with the widely used Timsort dating to 2002, and the library sort being first published in 2006.Ĭomparison sorting algorithms have a fundamental requirement of Ω( n log n) comparisons (some input sequences will require a multiple of n log n comparisons, where n is the number of elements in the array to be sorted). Bubble sort was analyzed as early as 1956. Among the authors of early sorting algorithms around 1951 was Betty Holberton, who worked on ENIAC and UNIVAC. The output is a permutation (a reordering, yet retaining all of the original elements) of the input.įor optimum efficiency, the input data should be stored in a data structure which allows random access rather than one that allows only sequential access.įrom the beginning of computing, the sorting problem has attracted a great deal of research, perhaps due to the complexity of solving it efficiently despite its simple, familiar statement.The output is in monotonic order (each element is no smaller/larger than the previous element, according to the required order).Sorting is also often useful for canonicalizing data and for producing human-readable output.įormally, the output of any sorting algorithm must satisfy two conditions: Efficient sorting is important for optimizing the efficiency of other algorithms (such as search and merge algorithms) that require input data to be in sorted lists. The most frequently used orders are numerical order and lexicographical order, and either ascending or descending. In computer science, a sorting algorithm is an algorithm that puts elements of a list into an order. Helping keep your mom looking as beautiful that you know she is! Because mom deserves the best! And Mally and Rita Hazan offers you the best products to gift your mom. And is enriched with vitamins and antioxidant that will help her protect her skin. This formula will deliver instant radiance to her skin. While staying featherweight, sheer and silky. This will give her the tools to help her glow like the goddess you know she is. Mally Beauty Glowing Goddess Luminizer is just what she needs. If you want to give your mom the glow that you always see around her. Available Shades: Dark Brown/Black, Light Brown and Dark Blonde Follow Rita Hazan for brand news and updates on their social media sites: Website – Facebook – Twitter – Pinterest – Tumblr and Instagram. 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Once all the head bolts have been installed and finger tightened you can start the torqueing process, almost all Any hole that does this should be installed with some silicon sealant.Ī little goes a long way in this step and you can check holes by shining a flashlight down them and looking in the water jackets. On Chevy OHV engines there is occasionallyīolt holes on the engine block that cross into water passages. Sure to lubricate the bolts in clean engine oil before installing them into the head. Use TTY or Torque to Yield head bolts meaning they stretch during torqueing and cannot be used twice. Be sure to buy new head bolts as many manufacturers Installing the head bolts to make sure it doesn't move. The gasket and block, if needed have someone assist with this process as the head can be heavyĪnd you don't want to scratch anything or drop it! Once the head has been placed you will want to start With the gasket in place you can set the cylinder head onto Something I usually do is spray down the head gasket with some engine copper spray from permatex which you canįind here, this ensures that any gaps that could be present between the 2 surfaces gets filled with theĪlso helps to transfer heat between the 2 metals. Once everything is ready youĬan install the head gasket onto the engine block by aligning the alignment dowels. Locations, typically this means putting the #1 piston to TDC or Top Dead Center. Much the same you have to set the pistons to their correct To set the camshafts to their correct positions to prevent any valves from hitting pistons during installationĪnd torquing of the head bolts. The first thing you must do when installing cylinder heads is to ensure both the block and head surfaces areĬompletely clean from dust, oil, and any debris. However this step is notĬhevy Equinox 3.4L Oil Pump Mounting Bolt Torque Spec : 30 ft-lbsĬhevy Equinox 3.4L Oil Pump Cover Bolts Torque Spec : 8 ft-lbs I personally will spot weld the pickup tube onto the pump so that it does not shift. The angle should beĪbout 15 degrees from the engine block flat surface. Having this wrong will cause the pan to hit the pickup or the pickup to not access enough oil. Pickup at the proper angle for you oil pan. The oil pump pickup tube gets installed onto the pump directly and simply presses into place. The single oil pumpīolt can be tightened down to 30 ft-lbs. Once hand tighten be sure that the pump functions when the shaft turns. If everything is good you should be able to place the pumpĪnd shaft into place and then hand tighten the single pump bolt. It should easily slide into the holes without much force. When placing the pump onto the engine be sure that you have the pumps drive shaft held in place and So that it does not shift during installation. There should be two pins which hold the pump in place Install the oil pump onto the bottom of the engine block right onto the rear most main cap. After preparing the contact surfaces carefully Both surfaces should be cleaned and preped prior to installing. When installing the oil pump be sure to use the proper sealant around the pump base if neccessary to ensure that oil pressureĭoesn't drop due to leakage. To ensure all pistons move smoothly in and out of their cylinders and nothing binds.Ĭhevy Equinox 3.4L Connecting Rod Torque Specs : 15 ft-lbs + 75° Rod bolts to 15 ft-lbs and then an additional 75 degree turn for each bolt. Once installed you can match the connecting rod caps with the correct rods and start to torque the connecting Or mark is facing the front of the engine and that you don't scratch the cylinder. The piston can now be lowered into the cylinder, make sure the dot Once the rings have been installed you can now fit the connecting rod bearings into the end capsĪnd lube them up with oil or lithium grease. Each ring manufacturer is different so be sure to check for your The instructions given with the new rings. Positions, this can be determined by looking at Make sure to put the correct rings in the correct Not to stretch the rings or break them during installation. To install the pistons and connecting rods you must first install the piston rings into each piston. Demoted to Extra: The 2016 edition replaces her as a player/suspect with Dr.In The Musical that nobody admits to seeing, Mrs.The Simpsons version of the game has Smithers in the role of Mrs.Alliterative Name: Wilhelmina White in the 1992-1997 book series Wendy White in the Clue Junior books.Amoral Attorney: In one version of the game, she's a lawyer who "must see justice served, even if that means turning vigilante".White is the one character who is a domestic, not a guest, thus providing a chance for a The Butler Did It ending.
No, anyone can have a capsule wardrobe! It's a great first step to living more sustainably. Are Capsule Wardrobes Just for People Living a Minimalist Lifestyle? Since having a year-round capsule wardrobe reduces impulse purchases, a capsule wardrobe can potentially save you thousands of dollars and also help you to keep a neat closet. If you choose to purchase new items for this, consider ethical & sustainable brands that craft clothes to last instead of fast fashion created to only last a season. When you decide to switch to a capsule wardrobe, you will want to choose quality pieces. While the capsule wardrobe encourages minimizing your wardrobe, this also helps slow down what we’re buying and overtime can reduce consumer demand leading to decreased production from fast fashion brands.īy choosing a capsule wardrobe consumers don't feel the need to constantly be buying to keep up with trends because they are choosing versatile pieces that can be styled into different outfits through out the year. Why is a capsule wardrobe a more sustainable choice? The key is to own staple or timeless pieces without owning excessive items of clothing. While the number of items can vary depending on the source, it is recommended to have between 25-50 pieces in your capsule wardrobe which includes clothing, shoes, and accessories. This way, your wardrobe remains small but highly eclectic as you have different pieces and combinations to choose from. These clothes can be matched and paired in different ways. These components simplify switching and automate charging, so that all you have to do is turn the battery switch ON when you arrive and OFF when you leave. The ADD-A-BATTERY is as simple to operate as an ON-OFF switch, yet effectively manages the switching and charging of two batteries from a single charge source. The Add-A-Battery includes a Dual Circuit Plus™ Battery Switch and an Automatic Charging Relay. ACR Myth & Lore: 1- An ACR charges the start battery first then isolates it and charges the house FALSE. A 1/2/B switch has just three terminals and four positions. Select your battery isolator based on the alternator max amperage and the number of battery banks to charge. This simple device allows one charging source (an engine alternator or single output charger) to send a charge or current to two or more battery banks while stopping current from flowing back. See our guide on how to wire a boat for more information on marine power distribution.Radar Skis Waterskiing Products, Tubes & Safety Gear One area of confusion we see fairly routinely is a boat-owner misidentifying the 1/2/B switches terminals. Charge Multiple Batteries with One Alternator. See the wiring diagrams for each of our battery switches on the individual product pages to help determine the best system for your boat. In addition, the start isolation feature of the ACR protects sensitive electronics from potentially damaging voltage fluctuations during engine cranking. Select the Wire Size Make sure you use marine wire and fuses sized to handle the engine’s alternator output and starting requirements. Together, these components simplify switching and automate charge sharing. One or more ACRs can also be used to automatically prioritize charging This includes the Dual Circuit Plus battery switch and the 120 Ampere SI-Series Automatic Charging Relay (ACR).90015A Battery Switch 12-48V Waterproof Heavy Duty Battery Power Cut Master Switch Disconnect Isolator for Car Vehicle RV and Marine Boat (On/Off),2 Years Warranty. Case design allows surface or rear panel mounting. Ignition protectedsafe for installation aboard gasoline powered boats. Make-before-break contact design allows switching without power interruption. A Blue Sea 6006/Bluewater ON-OFF switch can also be used as a disconnect for high amp loads like a trolling motor or windlass Shares the charge between two batteries more efficiently than a battery isolator. Simultaneously switches two isolated battery banks or combines battery banks to all loads.Three Battery Twin Engine boats will use either two Blue Sea 6011 Switches or two Bluewater ON-OFF-COMBINE Switches OR a Blue Sea 6010 and Blue Sea 6006 (Bluewater ON-OFF) with ACRs.Two Battery Single Engine boats will use either a Blue Sea 6007 or Bluewater 1-2-BOTH OR Blue Sea 6011 or Bluewater ON-OFF-COMBINE Battery Switch.I had an isolator on my previous boat too. The isolator has wprked great for me and has given me no problems. Battery 2 is a deep cycle that runs the trolling motor, fishfinder, and radio. If yours ever failed, I would suggest going with the ACR (automatic charging. Voltage Sensing The 7611 ACR will sense charging sources available on either battery bank. Battery 1 is the starting battery and also runs the nav/anchor lights, and bilge pump. 4- An ACR can’t be used with mixed chemistries PARTIALLY FALSE. 3- An ACR will over charge a start battery FALSE. 2- An ACR gives priority charging to the start battery FALSE. Single Battery Single Engine boats will use one Blue Sea 6006 or one Bluewater ON-OFF Battery Switch Doug, Its easier to have one alternator charge one battery without any isolation. ACR Myth & Lore: 1- An ACR charges the start battery first then isolates it and charges the house FALSE. Promariner Marine Battery Isolators, 1-2 Alternator, 2-3 Batteries, 70/130 Amp 104.92 Battery Isolator (Pro Mariner) 104.92 API Battery Isolators 70.00 Samlex 160A Automatic Charge Isolator - 12V or 24V 162.Choosing the right battery switch for your boat generally comes down to the number of batteries and engines you have. In the layout shown here (for a 12 volt boat) the remote switches are Blue Sea Systems 7700 ML-Solenoids rated at 500 Amps and the ACRs are Blue Sea Systems 7622 ML-ACR Each switch or ACR comes with a remote switch, and for this layout you would end up with a total of five remote switches. You don't pay for handling the material several times or inventory costs (extra charges).īecause the material is handled less, you receive cleaner material for less money. We Deliver Your Materials Direct From The Source. Call us today at 72 for with any questions and to receive a no cost or obligation material and delivery Bid. And you get the freshest material direct from the quarry without all those extra costs and rock dust. There are never additional costs or charges. We give you an exact material and delivery price to your project, all costs included and do not surprise you. 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Crusoe and Walker met in France in October 1951. Hershey's participation in the creation of the Thunderbird was more administrative than artistic. Boyer was the lead stylist on the original 1955 two-seater Thunderbird and also had input in the following series of Thunderbirds that included the 30th Anniversary Edition. The Thunderbird was similar in concept, but was more American in style, more luxurious, and less sport-oriented.Ĭredit for the development of the original Thunderbird is given to Lewis Crusoe, a former GM executive lured out of retirement by Henry Ford II George Walker, chief stylist and a Ford vice president Frank Hershey, chief stylist for the Ford Division Bill Boyer, designer for the Body Development Studio, who became the manager of the Thunderbird Studio in the spring of 1955 and Bill Burnett, chief engineer. The completed one-off generated interest at the time, but had meager power, European looks, and a correspondingly high cost, so it never proceeded to production. Development Ī smaller two-seater sports roadster was developed at the behest of Henry Ford II in 1953 called the Vega. Thunderbird production ended in 1997, then briefly resumed as a two-passenger, marketed from 2002 to 2005.įrom its introduction in 1955 to its final phaseout in 2005, Ford produced over 4.4 million Thunderbirds. Sales were good until the 1990s when large two-door coupes became unpopular. Succeeding generations became larger until the line was downsized in 1977, again in 1980, and once again in 1983. For 1958, the Thunderbird was redesigned with a second row of seats. Ford positioned the Thunderbird as an upscale model and it is credited in developing a new market segment, the personal luxury car. Unlike the Chevrolet Corvette, it was not marketed as a sports car. The Thunderbird entered production for the 1955 model year as a sporty two-seat convertible. Introduced as a two-seat convertible, the Thunderbird was offered variously as a four-seat hardtop coupe, four-seat convertible, five-seat convertible and hardtop, four-door pillared hardtop sedan, six-passenger hardtop coupe, and five-passenger pillared coupe, with the final generation designed again as a two-seat convertible.įord targeted the two-seat Thunderbird as an upscale model, but the 1958 model year design introduced a rear seat and arguably marked the expansion of a market segment eventually known as personal luxury cars, positioned to emphasize comfort and convenience over handling and high-speed performance. The Ford Thunderbird (colloquially called the T-Bird) is a personal luxury car manufactured and marketed by Ford from model years 1955-2005 (with a 1997-2002 hiatus), across 11 generations. Sports car (first and eleventh generations). 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